What Is Angular?
Angular is the most popular web development framework for developing mobile apps as well as desktop applications.
The angular framework is also utilized in the cross-platform mobile development called IONIC and so it is not limited to web apps only.
Angular is an open source framework written and maintained by the angular team at Google and the Father of Angular is Misko Hevery.
Misko Hevery - Agile Coach at Google, Attended Santa Clara University and Lives in Saratoga, CA.
Angular is written in TypeScript and so it comes with all the capabilities that typescript offers.
You don’t worry about the TypeScript versions. The compiler manages to the versioning related problems and Angular team working with Traceur compiler team to provide the support to build some extensions.
What's New in Angular 9?
Angular 9 is the smaller, faster, and easier to use and it will be making Angular developers life easier. The fully version of Angular 9 are released (October/November 2019).
Added Angular 9 Features -
Added Angular 9 Features -
1. Added undecorated classes migration schematic in the core.
2. The formControlName also accepts a number in the form
3. Now allow selector-less directives as base classes in View Engine in the compiler.
4. Added support selector-less directive as base classes in Ivy and also make the Ivy compiler the default for ngc.
5. Convert all ngtsc diagnostics to ts.Diagnostics
6. bazel: support ts_library targets as entry-points for ng_package.
7. core: add dynamic queries schematic.
8. core: Mark TestBed.get as deprecated.
9. ivy: expose window.ng.getDebugNode helper and also support ng-add in localize package.
10. ivy: i18n – add syntax support for $localize metadata block.
11. ivy: i18n – reorganize entry-points for better reuse.
12. language-service: enable logging on TypeScriptHost.
13. language-service: provide diagnostic for invalid templateUrls.
14. language-service: provide diagnostics for invalid styleUrls.
DEPRECATIONS -
core: TestBed.get function is marked as deprecated, use TestBed.inject instead.
Performance Improvements :
It looks like -
describe('TypeScriptServiceHost', () => {
it('should not clear caches when external template changes', () => {
const tsLSHost = new MockTypescriptHost(['/app/main.ts'], toh);
const tsLS = ts.createLanguageService(tsLSHost);
const ngLSHost = new TypeScriptServiceHost(tsLSHost, tsLS);
const oldModules = ngLSHost.getAnalyzedModules();
tsLSHost.override('/app/test.ng', '<div></div>');
const newModules = ngLSHost.getAnalyzedModules();
expect(newModules).toBe(oldModules);
});
});
Performance Improvements :
- Binding update benchmark and also convert all node-based benchmark to use a testing harness.
- Avoid megamorphic reads during property binding.
- Avoid repeated lview reads in pipe instructions.
- Avoid repeated LView reads in property instructions.
- Avoid unnecessary DOM reads in styling instructions.
- Initialise TNode inputs / outputs on the first creation pass for the Ivy.
- limit TNode.outputs reads for the ivy.
It looks like -
describe('TypeScriptServiceHost', () => {
it('should not clear caches when external template changes', () => {
const tsLSHost = new MockTypescriptHost(['/app/main.ts'], toh);
const tsLS = ts.createLanguageService(tsLSHost);
const ngLSHost = new TypeScriptServiceHost(tsLSHost, tsLS);
const oldModules = ngLSHost.getAnalyzedModules();
tsLSHost.override('/app/test.ng', '<div></div>');
const newModules = ngLSHost.getAnalyzedModules();
expect(newModules).toBe(oldModules);
});
});
What Are Components in Angular?
Components are the most basic building block of a UI in Angular applications and it controls views (HTML/CSS). They also communicate with other components and services to bring functionality to your applications.
Technically components are basically TypeScript classes that interact with the HTML files of the components, which get displayed on the browsers.
The component is the core functionality of Angular applications but you need to know to pass the data into the components to configure them.
Angular applications must have a root component that contains all other components.
Components are created using a @Component decorator that is part of @angular/core module.
You can create your own project using Angular CLI, this command allows you to quickly create an Angular application like - generate components, services, pipes, directive, classes, and modules, and so on as per your requirements.
Explore in detail about Angular Components
What Is Modules?
The NgModule is a TypeScript class marked by the @NgModule decorator.
The module is a class and works with the @NgModule decorator function and also takes a metadata object that tells Angular how to compile and run module code.
The Angular module helps you to organize an application into associative blocks of functionality.
An angular module represents a core concept and plays a fundamental role in structuring Angular applications.
The NgModule is used to simplify the ways you define and manage the dependencies in your applications and also you can consolidate different components and services into associative blocks of functionality.
Every Angular application should have at least one module and it contains the components, service providers, pipes and other code files whose scope is defined by the containing NgModule.
The purpose of the module is to declare everything you create in Angular and group them together.
Explore in detail about Angular module
What Are Angular Directives?
Angular Directive is a TypeScript class which is declared as a @directive decorator.
The directives allow you to attach behavior to DOM elements and the @directive decorator provide you an additional metadata that determines how directives should be processed, instantiated, and used at run-time.
Explore in detail about Angular Directives
What Is Dependency Injection (DI)?
Dependency Injection is a powerful pattern for managing code dependencies. DI is a way to create objects that depend upon other objects.
Angular has its own DI framework pattern, and you really can't build an Angular application without Dependency injection (DI).
A DI system supplies the dependent objects when it creates an instance of an object.
Explore in detail about Angular Dependency Injection (DI)
What Is Angular Pipe?
Pipes transform displayed values within a template.
Use the @Pipe annotation to declare that a given class is a pipe. A pipe class must also implement a PipeTransform interface.
The @Pipe decorator allows you to define the pipe name that is globally available for use in any template in the across Angular apps.
Pipe class implements the “PipeTransform” interfaces transform method that accepts an input value and returns the transformed result.
There will be one additional argument to the transform method for each parameter passed to the pipe.
Explore in detail about Angular Pipes Decorator
What Is runGuardsAndResolvers function?
This option means guards and resolvers will ignore changes when a provided predicate function returns `false`. This supports use cases where an application needs to ignore some param updates but not others.
For example, changing a sort param in the URL might need to be ignored, whereas changing the `project` param might require re-run of guards and resolvers.
What Is “typeof checks” in Angular?
How Performance Improvements on the core in Angular?
When testing whether `value` is an object, use the ideal sequence of strictly not equal to `null` followed by `typeof value === 'object'` consistently. Specifically, there's no point in using double equal with `null` since `undefined` is ruled out by the `typeof` check.
Also avoid the unnecessary ToBoolean check on `value.ngOnDestroy` in `hasOnDestroy()`, since the `typeof value.ngOnDestroy === 'function'` will only let closures pass and all closures are truish (with the notable exception of `document.all`, but that shouldn't be relevant for the `ngOnDestroy` hook)
How to restore the whole object when navigating back to a page managed by Angular Router in Angular?
This feature adds a few capabilities.
First, when a `popstate` event fires the value of `history.state` will be read and passed into `NavigationStart`. In the past, only the `navigationId` would be passed here.
Additionally, `NavigationExtras` has a new public API called `state` which is any object that will be stored as a value in `history.state` on navigation.
For example, the object `{name: 'anil'}` will be written to `history.state` here: -`router.navigateByUrl('/simple', {state: {name: 'anil'}});`
What Is the Navigation Type Available during Navigation in the Angular Router?
What Is Bazel?
Google open sourced the software responsible for building most of our projects under the name Bazel. Bazel is a powerful tool which can keep track of the dependencies between different packages and build targets.
What Are the features of Bazel?
Bazel is independent of the tech stack.
It has a smart algorithm for determining the build dependencies
What Are the Angular 9 Best practices?
- Don't modify your copy of Angular
- Avoid Angular APIs marked in the documentation as “Security Risk.”
- Preventing cross-site scripting (XSS)
- Keep current with the latest Angular library releases.
- Check the Angular log for security-related updates in the regularly.
Remember, whether a value is safe depends on context, so choose the right context for your intended use of the value.
Normally, Angular automatically sanitizes the URL, disables the dangerous code, and in development mode, logs this action to the console.
What Are the Bootstrapping of Angular 9?
What Are the Bootstrapping of Angular 9?
- Do put bootstrapping and platform logic for the app in a file named main.ts.
- Do include error handling in the bootstrapping logic.
- Avoid putting app logic in main.ts. Instead, consider placing it in a component or service.
Example looks like -
import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { AppModule } from './app/app.module';
platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule)
.then(success => console.log(`Bootstrap success`))
.catch(err => console.error(err));